/* Global styles and resets */

html, body, div, span, applet, object, iframe,
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, blockquote, pre,
a, abbr, acronym, address, big, cite, code,
del, dfn, em, img, ins, kbd, q, s, samp,
small, strike, strong, sub, sup, tt, var,
b, u, i, center,
dl, dt, dd, ol, ul, li,
fieldset, form, label, legend,
table, caption, tbody, tfoot, thead, tr, th, td,
article, aside, canvas, details, embed, 
figure, figcaption, footer, header, hgroup, 
menu, nav, output, ruby, section, summary,
time, mark, audio, video {
	margin: 0;
	padding: 0;
	border: 0;
	font-size: 100%;
	font: inherit;
	vertical-align: baseline;
}

/* HTML5 display-role reset for older browsers */

article, aside, details, figcaption, figure, 
footer, header, hgroup, menu, nav, section {
	display: block;
}
body {
	line-height: 1;
}
ol, ul {
	list-style: none;
}
blockquote, q {
	quotes: none;
}
blockquote:before, blockquote:after,
q:before, q:after {
	content: '';
	content: none;
}
table {
	border-collapse: collapse;
	border-spacing: 0;
}

a {
	text-decoration: none;
}

/* Body styles */

body {
	background-color: #FFFFFF;
	background-image:url('../img/bg.png');
	background-repeat:repeat-y;
	font-size: 16px;
	font-weight: normal;
	margin: 0;
	padding: 0;
	height: 100%;
}

/* Basic construction blocks */

header {
	width: 100%;
	height: 120px;
	background-color: #1d3c44;
}

footer {
	width: 100%;
	height: 150px;
	background-color: #1d3c44;
	left:0;
	clear: both;
    padding: 0;
    text-align: center;
    vertical-align: middle;
    line-height: normal;
    margin: 0;
    position: relative;
    bottom: 0px;
}

#footer-top {
	width: 100%;
	height: 50%;
	display: block;
	bottom: 0px;
}

#footer-logos {
	width: 100%;
	height: 50%;
	display: block;
	background-color: #FFFFFF;
	line-height: 75px;
	vertical-align: middle;
}

.container {
	width: 90%;
	height: auto;
	margin: 0 auto;
}

#left-column {
	width: 80%;
	height: auto;
	background-color: #f8f8f8;
}

#right-column {
	width: 30%;
	height: auto;
}

#middle-column {
	width: auto;
	float: right;
	border-right: solid 1px #e0e0e0;
	padding: 2em;
}

#left-column, aside, #middle-column {
	margin: 0px;
	height: 100%;
}

#left-column, aside {
	float: left;
}

.hr {
  height: 0px;
  margin: 3em 0 3em -5em;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #009797;
  font-size: 1em;
}

#logo {
	float: left;
	margin-left: -3.3em;
	padding-top: 1.8em;
}

/* Right sidebar buttons */


#fb {
	width: 20px;
	height: 20px;
	background: url('../img/fb.png') no-repeat left top;
}

#fb:hover {
	background: url('../img/fb-hover.png') no-repeat left top;
	cursor: pointer;
}

#tw {
	width: 20px;
	height: 20px;
	background: url('../img/twitter.png') no-repeat left top;
}

#tw:hover {
	background: url('../img/twitter-hover.png') no-repeat left top;
	cursor: pointer;
}

#li {
	width: 20px;
	height: 20px;
	background: url('../img/linkedin.png') no-repeat left top;
}

#li:hover {
	background: url('../img/linkedin-hover.png') no-repeat left top;
	cursor: pointer;
}

#su {
	width: 20px;
	height: 20px;
	background: url('../img/stumble.png') no-repeat left top;
}

#su:hover {
	background: url('../img/stumble-hover.png') no-repeat left top;
	cursor: pointer;
}

#gp {
	width: 20px;
	height: 20px;
	background: url('../img/gplus.png') no-repeat left top;
}

#gp:hover {
	background: url('../img/gplus-hover.png') no-repeat left top;
	cursor: pointer;
}

#minus {
	width: 20px;
	height: 20px;
	background: url('../img/minus.png') no-repeat left top;
	float: right;
}

#minus:hover {
	background: url('../img/minus-hover.png') no-repeat left top;
	cursor: pointer;
}

#plus {
	width: 20px;
	height: 20px;
	padding: 0 0.7em 0 0;
	background: url('../img/plus.png') no-repeat left top;
	float: right;
}

#plus:hover {
	background: url('../img/plus-hover.png') no-repeat left top;
	cursor: pointer;
}

#fb, #tw, #li, #su, #gp {
	padding: 0 0.7em 0 0;
	margin-top: 1em;
	border: none;
	float: left;
}

/* Right sidebar */

aside {
	width: 20%;
	height: auto;
}

.aside-item {
	width: 80%;
	float: left;
	padding: 1.2em;
	border-bottom: solid 1px #e0e0e0;
	font-family: 'Karla', sans-serif;
	font-size: 0.9em;
	color: #333333;
}

.aside-item:nth-child(1) {
	padding-top: 2.5em;
}

.aside-item:nth-child(2) {
	text-transform: uppercase;
	font-weight: bold;
}

.aside-item:nth-child(3) p {
 	float: left;
 	line-height: 1.5em;
 	vertical-align: middle;
}

aside a {
	color: #333333;
	font-family: 'Karla', sans-serif;
}

aside a:hover {
	color: #009797;
	-o-transition:.2s;
	-ms-transition:.2s;
	-moz-transition:.2s;
	-webkit-transition:.2s;
	transition:.2s;
}

aside input#search {
	margin:auto;
	position:relative;
	font-family: 'Karla', sans-serif;
	font-size: 0.9em;
	color: #9d9d9d;
	line-height: 1em;
	padding: 0.7em;
	width: 100%;
	background-color: #f8f8f8;
	text-decoration: none;
	-webkit-border-radius: 3px;
	-moz-border-radius: 3px;
	border-radius: 3px;
	border: 1px solid #e0e0e0;
	border-style: inset;
	-webkit-box-sizing: border-box; /* Safari/Chrome, other WebKit */
	-moz-box-sizing: border-box;    /* Firefox, other Gecko */
	box-sizing: border-box;         /* Opera/IE 8+ */
	position: relative;
	z-index: 1;
}

input#search-button {
	border-style: none;
    background: url('../img/search.png') no-repeat center center;
	padding: 15px;
	height: 15px;
	float: right;
	margin-top: -3em;
	display: block;
	position: relative;
	z-index: 2;
	cursor: pointer;
}

aside input[type=text] {
	font-family: 'Karla', sans-serif;
	font-size: 0.9em;
	color: #9d9d9d;
	line-height: 1em;
	background-color: #f8f8f8;
	-webkit-border-radius: 3px;
	-moz-border-radius: 3px;
	border-radius: 3px;
	border: 1px solid #e0e0e0;
	border-style: inset;
	-webkit-box-sizing: border-box; /* Safari/Chrome, other WebKit */
	-moz-box-sizing: border-box;    /* Firefox, other Gecko */
	box-sizing: border-box;         /* Opera/IE 8+ */
}

.aside-link {
	line-height: 1em;
	text-transform: none;
	font-family: 'Karla', sans-serif;
	font-size: 1em;
	padding: 1.2em 0 0 0;
	font-weight: normal;
}

.aside-link a:hover {
	color: #009797;
}

aside form {
	margin-top: 1em;
}

aside ul {
	margin-top: 1em;
	list-style-type: square;
}

aside ul li {
	margin: 0.5em 0 0 2em;
}

aside table {
	border: 0;
}


/* Footer */

#footer-top .container small {
	color: #FFFFFF;
	line-height: 75px;
	vertical-align: middle;
	font-weight: normal;
	float: left;
}

#footer-top .container small a {
	color: #FFFFFF;
}

#footer-top .container small a:hover {
	color: #009797;
	-o-transition:.2s;
	-ms-transition:.2s;
	-moz-transition:.2s;
	-webkit-transition:.2s;
	transition:.2s;
}

#footer-top .container small:nth-child(2) {
	float: right;
}

#footer-top span {
	font-size: 1.5em;
	line-height: 75px;
	vertical-align: middle;
	padding-left: 0.5em;
	padding-top: 5px;
}

#footer-logos span img {
	vertical-align: middle;
}

#footer-logos span a {
	padding-left: 2em;
}

#footer-logos span img:first-child {
	padding-left: 0;
}

/* Text styles */

.icons {
  font-family: 'entypo';
}

.socialicons {
  font-family: 'entypo-social';
}

.hang {
	margin: -1.7em 0 -0.7em -3.8em;
	padding-right: 4em;
}

.hang span {
	font-size: 2em;
	color: #006463;
}

#middle-column {
	font-family: 'Droid Serif', serif;
	font-weight: normal;
	text-align: left;
	font-size: 1em;
	line-height: 1.9em;
	color: #333333;
}

#middle-column p {
	margin-bottom: 1.5em;
}

#middle-column .crumb {
	font-family: 'Karla', sans-serif;
}

#middle-column p:last-of-type {
	margin-bottom: 3em;
}

#middle-column a {
	color: #009797;
	text-decoration: none;
}

#middle-column a:hover {
	color: #ed3a03;
	-o-transition:.2s;
	-ms-transition:.2s;
	-moz-transition:.2s;
	-webkit-transition:.2s;
	transition:.2s;
}

#middle-column b {
	font-weight: bold;
}

#middle-column i {
	font-style: italic;
}

#middle-column sup {
    font-size: .83em;
    line-height: 0.5em;
    vertical-align: baseline;
    position: relative;
    top: -0.4em;
}

#middle-column ol {
	list-style: decimal;
}

#middle-column ul {
	list-style: disc;
}

#middle-column .book-cover {
	width: 200px;
	margin: 10px 15px;
	float: left;
}
	

h1, h2 {
	color: #006463;
}

h1 {
	font-family: 'Karla', sans-serif;
	font-weight: bold;
	font-size: 2em;
	line-height: 1.5em;
	letter-spacing: -1px;
	margin-bottom: 1em;
}

h2 {
	font-family: 'Karla', sans-serif;
	font-weight: bold;
	font-size: 1.3em;
	line-height: 1.3em;
	margin-top: 3em;
	margin-bottom: 0.4em;
}

small {
	font-family: 'Karla', sans-serif;
	font-size: 0.9em;
	color: #333333;
}

h3 {
	font-family: 'Karla', sans-serif;
	font-weight: bold;
	font-size: 1.2em;
	line-height: 1.3em;
	letter-spacing: 0.5px;
	color: #006463;
	margin-bottom: 0.4em;
}

h4 {
	font-family: 'Karla', sans-serif;
	font-size: 1.2em;
	line-height: 1.3em;
	color: #006463;
	margin-top: 1.5em;
	margin-bottom: 0.4em;
}

h4 a {
	color: #006463;
}

h4 a:hover {
	color: #ed3a03;
	-o-transition:.2s;
	-ms-transition:.2s;
	-moz-transition:.2s;
	-webkit-transition:.2s;
	transition:.2s;
}

h5 {
	font-family: 'Karla', sans-serif;
	font-size: 1.2em;
	font-style: italic;
	line-height: 1.3em;
	color: #006463;
	margin-top: 1.5em;
	margin-bottom: 0.4em;
}

/* figure in article */

.figure {
	margin-left: auto;
	margin-right: auto;
}
.figure tr {
	text-align: center;
}
.figure td {
	padding: 2px;
	border-spacing: 2px;
	vertical-align: middle;
}

/* equation in article */

.equation {
	margin-left: auto;
	margin-right: auto;
}
.equation tr {
	text-align: center;
}
.equation td {
	padding: 2px;
	border-spacing: 2px;
	vertical-align: middle;
}
.equation .eqnno {
	text-align: right;
	width: 40px;
}

/* displayed table in article */

.dtable {
	width: 80%;
	margin-left: auto;
	margin-right: auto;
}
.dtable td {
	padding: 2px;
	border-spacing: 2px;
	vertical-align: top;
	text-align: left;
}
.dtable td + td {
	padding: 2px;
	border-spacing: 2px;
	vertical-align: top;
	text-align: center;
}

/* Buttons */

.button {
	background-color:#1d3c44;
	-webkit-border-top-left-radius:4px;
	-moz-border-radius-topleft:4px;
	border-top-left-radius:4px;
	-webkit-border-top-right-radius:4px;
	-moz-border-radius-topright:4px;
	border-top-right-radius:4px;
	-webkit-border-bottom-right-radius:4px;
	-moz-border-radius-bottomright:4px;
	border-bottom-right-radius:4px;
	-webkit-border-bottom-left-radius:4px;
	-moz-border-radius-bottomleft:4px;
	border-bottom-left-radius:4px;
	text-indent:0px;
	display:inline-block;
	color:#ffffff;
	font-family:'Karla';
	font-size:.9em;
	font-weight:normal;
	font-style:normal;
	height:40px;
	line-height:40px;
	width:10em;
	text-decoration:none;
	text-align:center;
	padding-left: 1.2em;
	padding-right: 1.2em;
	margin-bottom: 1em;
}

.button:hover {
	background-color:#009797;
	-o-transition:.2s;
	-ms-transition:.2s;
	-moz-transition:.2s;
	-webkit-transition:.2s;
	transition:.2s;
}

.button:active {
	position:relative;
	top:1px;
}

.button span {
	color: #FFFFFF;
	font-size: 1.2em;
  	font-weight: normal;
  	vertical-align: middle; 
  	line-height: 40px;
  	margin-right: .6em;

}

/* Articles */

#middle-column p.citation {
	font-family: 'Karla', sans-serif;
	font-size: 0.9em;
	line-height: 1em;
	color: #006463;
	margin-top: 1.5em;
	margin-bottom: 0.4em;
}

#middle-column p.pubdates {
	font-family: 'Karla', sans-serif;
	font-size: 1em;
	line-height: 1em;
	color: #006463;
	margin-top: 1.5em;
	margin-bottom: 0.4em;
}

#middle-column #abstract p {
	font-family: 'Karla', sans-serif;
	font-size: 1.1em;
	line-height: 1.5em;
	color: #006463;
	margin-bottom: 0 !important
}

#middle-column div.art-body {
	font-family: 'Droid Serif', serif;
	text-align: left;
	font-size: 0.9em;
	line-height: 1.5em;
	color: #333333;
	margin-top: 3em;
}

#middle-column div.art-body p {
	text-indent: -4em;
}
	
#middle-column div.art-body a[id] {
	width: 4em;
	float: left;
	font-family: 'Karla';
}

#middle-column div.art-body blockquote {
	padding: 0em 4em 1em 4em;
	line-height: 1.5em;
	font-size: 0.9em;
}

#middle-column div.art-body .plain p {
	text-indent: 0;
}

#middle-column a[id] sup:after {
	content: ' ';
}

#middle-column div.art-body div#references p {
	padding-left: 4em;
	text-indent: -4em;
	margin-bottom: 1.1em;
}

#middle-column div.art-body div#references p a[id] {
	font-family: 'Droid Serif', serif;
	width: auto;
	float: none;
}

.watermark
{
    position:fixed;
    z-index:1;
    color:red;
    font-size:150px;
    transform:rotate(315deg);
    -webkit-transform:rotate(315deg);
}

/* Navigation */

/* First, the resets to make sure everything shows correctly */

#cssmenu {padding: 0; margin: 0; border: 0;}
#cssmenu ul, #cssmenu li {list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0;}
#cssmenu ul {position: relative; z-index: 597; }
#cssmenu ul li { float: left; min-height: 1px; vertical-align: middle;}
#cssmenu ul li.hover,
#cssmenu ul li:hover {position: relative; z-index: 599; cursor: default;}
#cssmenu ul ul {visibility: hidden; position: absolute; top: 100%; left: 0; z-index: 598; width: 100%;}
#cssmenu ul ul li {float: none;}
#cssmenu ul ul ul {top: 0; left: auto; right: -99.5%; }
#cssmenu ul li:hover > ul { visibility: visible;}
#cssmenu ul ul {bottom: 0; left: 0;}
#cssmenu ul ul {margin-top: 0; }
#cssmenu ul ul li {font-weight: normal;}
#cssmenu a { display: block; line-height: 1em; text-decoration: none; }

/* Then to the menu styles */

#cssmenu span {
	vertical-align: middle;
	margin-left: 0.5em;
}

#cssmenu {
  font-family: 'Karla', Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif;
  font-size: .9em;
  float: right;
  margin-top: 2.4em;
}

  #cssmenu > ul { *display: inline-block; }

  #cssmenu:after, #cssmenu ul:after {
    content: '';
    display: block;
    clear: both; 
}

#cssmenu a {
    color: #FFFFFF;
    padding: 0 14px; 
}
#cssmenu ul { text-transform: uppercase; }

    #cssmenu ul ul {
      text-transform: none;
      min-width: 200px; 
}
      #cssmenu ul ul a {
        background: #009797;
        color: #FFF;
        border-bottom: 1px solid #4db6b6;
        border-top: 0 none;
        line-height: 150%;
        padding: 16px 20px; 
}
      #cssmenu ul ul ul { border-top: 0 none; }

      #cssmenu ul ul li { position: relative }
#cssmenu > ul > li > a { line-height: 40px; border-right: 1px solid #60767b;}
#cssmenu > ul > li:first-child { border-left: 1px solid #60767b;}

#cssmenu ul ul li:first-child > a { border-top: 1px solid #4db6b6; }
        #cssmenu ul ul li:hover > a { background: #FFFFFF; color: #009797; border-left: 1px solid #009797; border-right: 1px solid #009797; }

        #cssmenu ul ul li:last-child > a {
}
        #cssmenu ul ul li:last-child:hover > a { border-radius: 0 0 0 0; }

        #cssmenu ul ul li.has-sub > a:after {
          content: '';
          position: absolute;
          top: 50%;
          right: 15px;
          margin-top: -8px;
}
    #cssmenu ul li:hover > a, #cssmenu ul li.active > a {
      background: #009797;
      color: #FFF;
}
    #cssmenu ul li.has-sub > a:after {
    	content: '\25BE';
    	padding-left: 0.7em;
}

    #cssmenu ul li.last ul {
      left: auto;
      right: 0; 
}
      #cssmenu ul li.last ul ul {
        left: auto;
        right: 99.5%;
}

/* Print - don't display navigation elements etc. */

@media print {
	header, footer, aside, .crumb, #logo {display: none }
	#left-column {width: 650px; background-color: white }
	#middle-column {width: 600px; border: none; color: black; font-size: 0.8em; }
	#middle-column #abstract p {	
		font-size: 0.8em;
		line-height: 1.5em;
		color: black;
	}
	#middle-column p.citation {
		font-size: 1em;
		line-height: 1.5em;
		color: black;
		margin-top: 1.5em;
		margin-bottom: 0.4em;
	}
	h1 {
		letter-spacing: normal;
	}

	
}